A whiplash injury occurs when a sudden force or movement strains the neck and spine, causing damage to bones, muscles, ligaments and nerves ¹ ² ³.
The mechanism of whiplash injury involves a sudden and forceful movement that causes the head and neck to jerk forward and backward, leading to strain on the soft tissues of the neck. This can occur in various ways, including:
1. Rear-end car collisions: When a vehicle is struck from behind, the passenger's head and neck are thrown forward and then backward, causing whiplash.
2. Sports injuries: A sudden blow to the head or neck, such as in football or soccer, can cause whiplash.
3. Falls: A fall onto the head or neck can cause whiplash.
4. Sudden deceleration: Any sudden stop or deceleration, such as in a plane or train, can cause whiplash.
The whiplash mechanism involves:
1. Hyperextension: The neck is forced beyond its normal range of motion, causing strain on the muscles, ligaments, and joints.
2. Hyperflexion: The neck is forced forward, causing further strain on the soft tissues.
3. Rotation: The head and neck may rotate, causing additional stress on the soft tissues.
This sudden and forceful movement can lead to injury to the:
- Muscles - Ligaments
- Tendons
- Joints
- Discs
- Nerves
Resulting in pain, stiffness, and limited range of motion in the neck.
Here are some common symptoms and treatment options for whiplash injuries:
Symptoms of Whiplash:
- Neck pain and stiffness
- Pain that worsens with neck movement
- Loss of range of motion in the neck
- Headaches - Tenderness in the shoulder, upper back or arms
- Tingling or numbness in the arms
- Tiredness - Dizziness
Treatment for Whiplash:
- Applying ice for the first 24 hours
- Wearing a neck collar
- Gentle, active movement after 24 hours
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Muscle relaxing medicines
- Chiropractic manipulation
- Physical therapy
- Topical gels or shots in the neck to ease pain
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